Visual cultures

Impressionism Claude Monet,  Vetheuil in the Fog, 1879. (Foundation, 2017). Impressionism can be considered the first distinctly modern movement in painting.  Its originators were artists who rejected the official, government-sanctioned exhibitions, or salons , and were consequently shunned by powerful academic art institutions.  The Impressionists loosened their brushwork and lightened their palettes to include pure, intense colors. They abandoned traditional linear perspective and avoided the clarity of form that had previously served to distinguish the more important elements of a picture from the lesser ones (Foundation, 2017).  Post Impressionism Georges Seurat,  Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, 1886. (Foundation, 2017).  Sources Consulted Foundation, T. A. S., 2017. Impressionism . [Online] Available at: http://www.theartstory.org/movement-impressionism.htm [Accessed 10 September] Foundation, T. A. S., 2017. Post Impressionism . [O

The Glasgow Four Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Untitled, n.d. (Pinterest, 2017) Art Nouveau in Glasgow, known as Glasgow Style, is the paradigm of the meaning of class that this new style adopted in the context of a major industrial metropolis. Glasgow in the 1890s was a financially rich city but one that had many social problems.   Pollution, ethnic violence, working class struggles, prostitution Furthermore Liquor addiction were simply a few of the issues that the rich classes needed on address through the formation of a social air that might highlight Furthermore provide for intending with individuals' exists (Artnouveau.eu, 2017).  Viennese Secession Joseph Maria Auchentaller, Aureol, 1 898. (Foundation, 2017) The creation of the Vienna secession for 1897 marked, truly accurately, the formal beginning of modern art in Austria - a country at the time noted to its connection to a highly conservative tradition. It might have been the combination of the first mo

De Stijl Gerrit Rietveld,  Red Blue Chair, 1923. (Foundation, 2017).  The Netherlands-based de Stijl development grasped an abstract, pared-down tasteful focused done fundamental visual components for example, geometric types Furthermore elementary shades. Mostly a response against the enlivening excesses for workmanship deco. Around the pioneering exponents about abstract art, de Stijl specialists espoused a visual dialect comprising of unequivocally rendered geometric manifestations - as a rule straight lines, squares, and rectangles--and essential shades (Foundation, 2017).   H. L. C. Jaffé, De Stijl, 1931. (Martinique, 2017).  Despite the fact that de Stijl specialists made created work embodying those movement's utopian vision, their acknowledgment that this dream might have been unattainable over this present reality basically achieved the group's downfall (Foundation, 2017). This is clear in the contemporary artwork showed above.  Sources consu

Constructivism Vladimir Tatlin, Design for the Monument the Third International, 1920. (Foundation, 2017). Constructivism was the last and most influential modern art movement to flourish in Russia in the 20th century.  It acquired thoughts from Cubism, suprematism and Futurism, in any case at its heart might have been a truly new approach with making objects, one which looked for to abrogate those universal aesthetic worry with composition, Furthermore replaceability it for 'construction (Foundation, 2017). Justuno, Untitled, n.d. (Cargocollective.com, 2017) Constructivism's concept and style is still used widely today because of the sharp colors and lines with the unique style that differs so widely from many other types of work. A wide variety of artist continue to carry out constructivism in modern day times.  It still is a very popular style used in propaganda today used predominately by Shepard Fairy.  Sources consulted Foundation, T. A. S., 20

Expressionism Wassily Kandinsky, Der Blaue Reiter, 1 903 (Foundation, 2017). Expressionism emerged simultaneously in various cities across Germany as a response to a widespread anxiety about man's increasingly discordant relationship with the world and accompanying lost feelings of authenticity and spirituality.  Expressionist artists often employed swirling, swaying, and exaggeratedly executed brushstrokes in the depiction of their subjects. These techniques were meant to convey the turgid emotional state of the artist reacting to the anxieties of the modern world (Foundation, 2017).  Anselm Kiefer, Athanor, 1984. (Foundation, 2017).  The title of this painting, is also the name for the digesting furnace (a kind of oven) that alchemists used to try to transform base metals into gold.  Through the suggestion of the two buildings, and using an apocalyptic palette, Kiefer brings together the themes of alchemy and the Holocaust. The mottled and darkened surfac

Pablo Picasso,  Les Desmoiselles d'Avignon, 1907. (Foundation, 2017).  Cubists explored open form, piercing figures and objects by letting the space flow through them, blending background into foreground, and showing objects from various angles. Some historians have argued that these innovations represent a response to the changing experience of space, movement, and time in the modern world (Foundation, 2017).  The subject matter of nude women was not in itself unusual, but the fact that Picasso painted the women as prostitutes in aggressively sexual postures was novel. Their blatant sexuality was heightened by Picasso's influence from non-Western art that is most evident in the faces of three of the women, which are rendered as mask-like, suggesting that their sexuality is not just aggressive, but also primitive (Foundation, 2017). Laura Barbosa, Nessie Loves Cherry Limeade, n.d. (Ebsqart, 2017). This contemporary artwork was done by an artist known as Lau

Clyfford Still, 1948, 1948. (Fountain, 2017) Abstract Expressionism is meant to encompass not only the work of painters who filled their canvases with fields of color and abstract forms, but also those who attacked their canvases with a vigorous gestural expressionism (Foundation, 2017). I n Still's artwork,  1948 , a large work that recalls natural shapes and phenomena reminiscent of cave stalagmites, caverns, and other mysterious elements that lie just beneath the surface of our everyday conscious recognition (Foundation, 2017).  David Smith, Cubi XII, 1963. (Foundation, 2017). David Smith is one of the series of sculptures in stainless steel that epitomize his mature career as an artist. It is an abstract composition of geometric figures - squares and rectangles, in a vertical arrangement and intended to stand out of doors like a sentinel or a totem (Foundation, 2017). This artwork is a clear example on an Abstract  Expressionist work of art.  Sources

Bauhaus Herbet Bayer, Universal Bayer,  1925, (Foundation, 2017). In anxieties about the soullessness of manufacturing and its products, and in fears about art's loss of purpose in society. Creativity and manufacturing were drifting apart, and the Bauhaus aimed to unite them once again, rejuvenating design for everyday life (Foundation, 2017)  This design employs a minimal, sans-serf typeface. Instead of having two alphabets, one uppercase and one lowercase, Bayer reduced the typeface to only lowercase letters(Foundation, 2017).  Joseph Albers,  Homage to the Square: Dissolving/Vanishing,  1951, (Foundation, 2017) Joseph Albers was one of the Bauhaus's contemporary artists. This artwork demonstrates Albers systematic approach to investigating the optical effects of colors. Albers  explored how colors change depending on their placement within the composition.  Although the series was created several years after the Bauhaus movement, the work is typical of

Dada Marcel Duchamp, LHOOQ , 1919. (Foundation, 2017). Dada is a cultural movement that began in Zürich, Switzerland during the World War I and came to a rise from 1916 to 1920. Dada represented rebellion against World War I and that failure and all the established verities (Foundation, 2017). The movement primarily involved visual arts, literature such as poetry  art manifestoes, art theory , theater, and graphic design, which concentrated its anti war politic through a rejection of the prevailing standards in art through anti-art cultural works (Foundation, 2017).  Duchamp transformed a cheap postcard of the Mona Lisa (1517) painting, which had only recently been returned to the Louvre after it was stolen in 1911. While it was already a well-known work of art, the publicity from the theft ensured that it became one of the most revered and famous works of art: art with a capital A. On the postcard, Duchamp drew a mustache and a goatee onto Mona Lisa's face and labeled

Surrealism Salvador Dali,  The Accommodations of Desire, 1929. (Foundation, 2017) Surrealism can be described as a psychic automatism in it's pure state by which one chooses to express - verbally, by means of the written word or in any other manner they wish. It is the the actual functioning of thought (Foundation, 2017). In Surrealism, artists bypass reason and rationality by accessing their unconscious mind.  This artwork by Salvador Dali is key example of his ability to render this vivid and crazy dreams with seemingly journalistic accuracy. It has been known that Dali developed the 'paranoid-critical method', this is the method that involved systematic irrational thought and self-induced paranoia as a way to access his unconscious (Foundation, 2017).  Marco Escobedo, Untitled, 2014. (Escobedo, 2007). Marco Escobedo is a contemporary surrealist, he channels the surreal and subconscious mind. He used high contrasts and richly saturated colors to

Futurism Giacomo Balla, Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash, 1912 (Foundation, 2017) The artists part of the Futurism movement explored every medium of art which included painting, sculpture, poetry, theater, music, architecture and even gastronomy (contributors, 2017). Futurism celebrated advanced technology and urban modernity. Artists part of this movement always tried to destroy older forms of culture and to show the uniqueness of the modern life (Foundation, 2017).  Giacomo Balla was interested in 'chrono-photography' this was a vintage technique where movement is shown across a certain amount of frames. This encouraged Balla to find new ways of showing movement in painting. The work shows a woman walking a small black dog, the movement collapsed into a single instant which showed a close up of the feet, the way he shows movement is by combining opaque and semi-transparent shapes   (Foundation, 2017). Eugene Ivanov, Untitled, 2002 (Ivanov, 2002) This artwo

Pop Art Eduardo Paolozzi, I Was a Rich Man's Plaything, 1947. (Foundation, 2017) By creating paintings or sculptures of media starts and popular culture objects the Pop Art movement aimed to blur the boundaries between high art and low art culture (Foundation, 2017). Pop art is easily one of the most recognizable art movements. It has been discussed that Abstract Exoressionism looked for "trauma in the soul" while Pop Art searches for traces of the same kind of trauma in the mediated world of advertising(contributors,2008). This Art work done by Eduardo Paolozzi exemplifies the slightly darker tone or British Pop Art, which reflected more upon the gap between the glamour and wealth visible in American pop culture and the economic difficulties of British reality (Foundation, 2017).  Sebastian Fritzon, Multiple, 2007, (contributors, 2017). Sebastian Fritzon is a modern artist that specializes in pop art. is use of collage demonstrates the influence of

Art Nouveau Aubrey Beardsley,  The Peacock Skirt , 1893. (contributors, 2016). Art Nouveau is an international style of art, architecture and design that became popular in the early 20th century. it is very stylized and has flowing curvilinear lines throughout their designs which often looks floral and very plant-inspired. Two-dimensional pieces are painted, drawn. Conventional moulding seem to spring to life and grow into plant-derived forms (contributors, 2016). The Peacock Skirt is a pure example of Art Nouveau, the curvy lines and contrasting colors are very clear, the plant-like designs are very clear as well as the use of abstraction. Chong Lock Sin, Untitled, 2009. (Lock Sin: 2009). Art Nouveau has a very distinctive and visual look. Unlike the Pre-Raphaelties. Contemporary Art Nouveau art works has evolved in a way in which it looks digital. They still make use of the curvilinear lines throughout the work as well as the plant-like sketches but it look

Arts and Craft Movement John Henry Dearle,  Artichoke , 1897.  (contributors, 2016). This movement was a British and American aesthetic movement that occurred in the late 19th century and the early years of the 20th century. In the United States, the terms Arts and Crafts movement, were often used to represent the style of interior design, architecture and also decorative arts that was overcome between the dominant eras of Art Nouveau and Art Deco. It originally began in the search for authentic and meaningful styles,  as a reaction to the eclectic revival of historic styles of the Victorian era  (contributors, 2016) . This artwork was done by John Henry Dearle, it was a wallpaper that was used for William Morris & Co. It expresses true craftsmanship and also has an authentic and meaningful look to it.  Anonymous, Newcomb Pottery Plate, 2008. (Anika, 2017) This modern artwork is an unknown work but it is called a Newcomb Pottery Plate. The patterns and des